History of Romania
Romania, located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, boasts a history as rich and diverse as its landscapes. The region’s story begins with the ancient Dacians, who inhabited these lands before the Roman Empire conquered and integrated them into its territory in 106 AD, forming the province of Dacia. Over centuries, Romania’s strategic location made it a melting pot of cultures and a battleground for empires, including the Ottoman, Habsburg, and Russian. The medieval period saw the rise of distinct regions—Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania—each with its own identity, which eventually united in 1859 to form modern Romania.
Romania's cultural identity is deeply intertwined with folklore, legends, and religion. It is famously home to the legend of Dracula, inspired by the historical figure Vlad the Impaler, who ruled Wallachia in the 15th century. Today, Romania’s blend of medieval architecture, Gothic castles, and Orthodox traditions continues to captivate visitors. From the cobblestone streets of Sighișoara to the imposing Carpathian Mountains, Romania is a land where history feels alive at every turn.
Languages in Romania
The official language of Romania is Romanian, a Romance language that shares similarities with Italian, Spanish, and French. Its Latin roots reflect the country’s historical ties to the Roman Empire. English is widely spoken, particularly in urban areas, tourist destinations, and by younger generations. You may also encounter Hungarian, especially in Transylvania, as well as German in certain regions with Saxon heritage.
While Romanian is the lingua franca, visitors will find locals warm and welcoming, often eager to communicate in English to share their stories and traditions. Learning a few Romanian phrases, such as "Bună ziua" (Good day) or "Mulțumesc" (Thank you), can go a long way in connecting with locals and enhancing your experience.
Culture of Romania
Romania’s culture is a rich tapestry woven from its Dacian roots, Roman heritage, and centuries of influences from neighbouring empires. Folk traditions remain at the heart of Romanian identity, with music, dance, and costumes preserving the spirit of rural life. Visitors are often enchanted by the haunting sounds of traditional instruments like the pan flute and violin, which bring Romania’s folklore to life. Festivals like the Sibiu International Theatre Festival and the medieval-themed Sighișoara Festival highlight Romania’s love for the arts and history.
Religion also plays a significant role, with Eastern Orthodox Christianity shaping much of the country’s customs, architecture, and holidays. You’ll see this influence in the stunning frescoes of Bucovina’s painted monasteries and the elaborate celebrations of Orthodox Easter. Romania’s cuisine, a blend of hearty Balkan, Turkish, and Hungarian flavours, reflects its cultural diversity, with dishes like sarmale (stuffed cabbage rolls) and cozonac (sweet bread) being staples of traditional meals.
Best Time to Visit Romania
Romania is a year-round destination, with each season offering its own unique charm. The best time to visit depends on your interests. Summer (July to August) is the busiest and most expensive time to visit Romania. Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) are ideal for exploring Romania’s historic towns and picturesque countryside, with mild temperatures and colourful landscapes. It is perfect for hiking in the Carpathian Mountains, visiting Transylvania’s medieval castles, or enjoying outdoor festivals.
Winter (December to February) transforms Romania into a magical wonderland, with snow-capped mountains and traditional Christmas markets. This is also the season for skiing and snowboarding in resorts like Poiana Brașov. Whatever time you choose, Romania’s natural beauty, cultural richness, and welcoming hospitality make it an unforgettable destination.
What You Will See in Romania
Bucharest
Romania’s capital city blends modern energy with historic charm. Stroll through the vibrant streets of the Old Town, admire the grand architecture of the Palace of Parliament, and discover the serenity of Cismigiu Park. Bucharest is also a hub for culture, with museums, galleries, and a thriving culinary scene waiting to be explored.
Transylvania
Home to dramatic landscapes and medieval towns, Transylvania is Romania’s most famous region. Visit Bran Castle, often linked to the Dracula legend, and Peles Castle, an exquisite Neo-Renaissance masterpiece. Explore Brașov’s colourful Old Town, Sighișoara’s UNESCO-listed citadel, and the breathtaking views from the Carpathian Mountains.
Sighișoara
One of Europe’s best-preserved medieval towns, Sighișoara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that feels like stepping back in time. Wander its cobblestone streets, climb the iconic Clock Tower, and learn about Vlad the Impaler, who was born here.
Salina Turda
This underground salt mine turned tourist attraction is an engineering marvel. Explore its vast chambers, underground lake, and unique attractions, such as a ferris wheel and amphitheatre, all located hundreds of feet below ground.
Balea Lake and the Transfăgărășan Road
Dubbed the “world’s best road trip,” the Transfăgărășan Road winds through the Carpathian Mountains, offering stunning views and thrilling drives. At its peak, you’ll find Balea Lake, a serene glacial lake perfect for hiking and photography.
Rural Villages and Cultural Experiences
Romania’s countryside offers an authentic glimpse into traditional life. Visit rural villages, meet local craftsmen, and participate in workshops that showcase Romania’s rich heritage. From cooking traditional dishes to learning about gypsy culture, these experiences provide a deeper connection to the country.
Essential Packing List for Romania
Layered clothing is essential to accommodate Romania’s variable weather. Bring comfortable walking shoes for exploring cobblestone streets and hiking trails. A reusable water bottle is a must to stay hydrated, and a European Type C or F power adapter is necessary for charging your devices. Don’t forget a portable charger to keep your phone and camera powered throughout the day. Insect repellent is useful for summer trips, especially in the countryside. A scarf or shawl is recommended for visiting religious sites, and a wide-brimmed hat and sunscreen will protect you during outdoor activities.
What Not to Pack
Excessive valuables should be left at home to avoid the risk of loss or theft. Single-use plastic bags are discouraged, as they are increasingly being phased out in many parts of Europe for environmental reasons.
Travel Insurance
Travel insurance is essential when visiting Romania. Ensure your policy covers medical emergencies, trip cancellations, and adventure activities like hiking or skiing. Short-term travel insurance tailored to your itinerary will give you peace of mind throughout your journey.
SIM Cards & Staying Connected
Staying connected in Romania is easy with a local SIM card. Providers like Orange, Vodafone, and Digi offer affordable prepaid plans that include data, calls, and texts. SIM cards are readily available at airports, convenience stores, and mobile shops. Wi-Fi is also widely available in hotels, cafes, and restaurants.
Money in Romania
The official currency of Romania is the Romanian Leu (RON). Credit cards are widely accepted in cities and tourist areas, but having cash is useful for rural areas and smaller establishments. ATMs are easily accessible, and tipping is customary in restaurants, bars, and for service staff.
Romania is a destination that blends natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant culture. Whether you’re exploring medieval towns, hiking through the Carpathians, or indulging in hearty local cuisine, this country offers an unforgettable experience for every traveller. On an Indy Escapes Romania tour, you’ll have the opportunity to discover its hidden gems and create lasting memories in one of Europe’s most enchanting destinations.
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