History of Romania
Romania, a country steeped in myth and history, has a heritage that spans thousands of years. The region was originally home to the Dacians, an ancient Thracian civilisation known for their resilience and sophisticated culture. In 106 AD, the Roman Empire annexed Dacia, integrating it as a province and laying the foundation for Romania’s Latin roots, which endure in its language and cultural identity. Over time, Romania’s strategic location made it a melting pot of cultures and a battlefield for empires vying for control.
The medieval territories of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania, each with their own unique traditions, were frequently drawn into conflicts with the Ottoman Turks, Austro-Hungarians, and Russians. Transylvania, known for its fortified churches and Gothic castles, inspired the Dracula legend, based on the life of Vlad the Impaler, a fierce 15th-century leader who defended the region from Ottoman incursions. By the late 19th century, these regions united, with Romania gaining independence in 1877. The nation faced upheavals during the World Wars and decades of communist rule, eventually transitioning to democracy in 1989.
Today, Romania blends its historic charm with a dynamic modern spirit, offering visitors a landscape where medieval citadels coexist with thriving urban centres, and folklore echoes in the timeless beauty of the Carpathian Mountains.
Things to Do in Bucharest
Bucharest, the capital of Romania, is a dynamic city where history and modernity intertwine. Known as the “Paris of the East” for its elegant architecture and wide boulevards, Bucharest offers a wealth of experiences for visitors. Here are some must-see attractions and activities to enjoy in this vibrant city:
Explore the Palace of Parliament
A visit to the Palace of Parliament, one of the largest and most extravagant administrative buildings in the world, is a must. Constructed during the communist era under Nicolae Ceaușescu, this colossal structure boasts over 1,000 rooms and stunning neoclassical architecture. Guided tours allow visitors to explore its opulent interiors and learn about Romania’s tumultuous history.
Stroll Through the Old Town (Centrul Vechi)
The historic Old Town is the heart of Bucharest’s nightlife and cultural scene. Wander through cobblestone streets lined with restored buildings, trendy cafes, restaurants, and bars. Don’t miss landmarks such as the Stavropoleos Monastery, a small but beautiful 18th-century Orthodox church, and the ruins of the Old Princely Court, where Vlad the Impaler once ruled.
Visit the Village Museum (Muzeul Satului)
Located in Herăstrău Park, the Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum offers a unique open-air experience. This collection of traditional houses, windmills, and churches from across Romania provides insight into rural life over the centuries. It’s a peaceful escape from the bustling city and a perfect spot to learn about Romania’s diverse regional architecture.
Relax in Herăstrău Park and Lake
Herăstrău Park, now officially called King Michael I Park, is a sprawling green space in the northern part of the city. Enjoy a leisurely walk, rent a boat on Herăstrău Lake, or visit one of the many restaurants and cafes within the park. It’s a popular spot for locals and visitors alike to unwind and connect with nature.
Discover the Romanian Athenaeum
The Romanian Athenaeum is Bucharest’s most iconic concert hall and a masterpiece of neoclassical architecture. Home to the George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra, this venue is renowned for its stunning frescoes and acoustics. Attend a classical music performance or simply admire its ornate design.
Experience Cărturești Carusel
Dubbed the “Carousel of Light,” Cărturești Carusel is more than just a bookstore. Located in a beautifully restored 19th-century building, this cultural space features elegant spiral staircases, a charming café, and a wide selection of books and gifts. It’s a great place to relax, shop, or take stunning photos.
Visit the National Museum of Art of Romania
Housed in the former Royal Palace, the National Museum of Art of Romania showcases an impressive collection of Romanian and European art. From medieval religious icons to modern masterpieces, the museum offers a comprehensive look at the country’s artistic heritage.
Tour Ceaușescu’s Spring Palace
For a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of Romania’s former dictator, visit Ceaușescu’s Spring Palace. This lavish residence is filled with luxurious furnishings, intricate decorations, and a private cinema. Guided tours provide fascinating insights into the excesses of the communist regime.
Taste Local Cuisine
Bucharest is a culinary hub where you can enjoy traditional Romanian dishes like sarmale (stuffed cabbage rolls), mici (grilled minced meat rolls), and ciorbă (sour soup). Visit local restaurants like Caru' cu Bere for an authentic dining experience or explore modern eateries for a contemporary take on Romanian cuisine.
Explore Street Art and Urban Culture
Bucharest’s urban art scene is thriving, with vibrant murals and graffiti adorning buildings across the city. Take a street art tour or explore neighbourhoods like Lipscani and Pantelimon to discover hidden artistic gems. The city’s creative energy is also evident in its trendy cafes, design shops, and cultural events.
Shop at Obor Market
Obor Market is one of the largest and oldest markets in Bucharest, offering a lively atmosphere and a chance to experience local life. Sample fresh produce, traditional pastries, and Romanian delicacies like sausages and cheeses. Don’t miss the iconic mititei stalls, serving up freshly grilled meat rolls.
Discover Bucharest’s Hidden Churches
Amidst the urban sprawl, Bucharest is home to hidden gems of religious architecture. Visit churches like the 16th-century Mihai Vodă Monastery or the charming Stavropoleos Church, known for its intricate wood carvings and tranquil courtyard.
From its grand landmarks to its vibrant cultural scene, Bucharest offers a captivating mix of experiences for every traveller. Whether you’re drawn to its history, architecture, or modern energy, the city promises an unforgettable journey.
Getting Around Romania
Romania offers a variety of transportation options to suit your travel preferences:
Taxis and Ride-Sharing:
Widely available in cities like Bucharest, Brașov, and Cluj-Napoca. Always use a reputable service, and agree on the fare before starting your ride. Popular ride-sharing apps like Bolt and Uber are also available in larger cities.
Trains:
Romania’s extensive rail network connects major cities and towns, offering a scenic and affordable way to travel. Opt for InterRegio trains for faster and more comfortable journeys.
Buses and Coaches:
Long-distance buses are an economical way to travel between cities. Companies like FlixBus and local operators offer regular services to popular destinations.
Car Rentals:
Renting a car is a great option for exploring rural areas, Transylvania, and the Carpathian Mountains at your own pace. Remember that Romania drives on the right side of the road, and roads can vary in quality, especially in remote areas.
Public Transport:
In cities, buses, trams, and metro systems (like Bucharest’s) are efficient and affordable options for getting around.
Romania’s blend of modern infrastructure and traditional charm ensures that exploring its wonders is as enjoyable as the destinations themselves. Whether you’re navigating vibrant city streets or winding mountain roads, the journey is sure to be as memorable as the destination.
Essential Packing List for Romania
Layered clothing to accommodate variable weather.
Comfortable walking shoes for cobblestone streets and hiking trails.
A reusable water bottle to stay hydrated.
Insect repellent, especially for summer adventures in rural areas.
A European Type C or F power adapter.
A scarf or shawl for visiting religious sites.
What Not to Pack
Minimise valuables to reduce the risk of loss, and consider leaving single-use plastic bags at home, as Romania embraces eco-friendly practices.
Food in Romania
Romania’s cuisine is a hearty and flavourful reflection of its diverse cultural influences, including Balkan, Turkish, Hungarian, and Slavic traditions. Here’s a taste of what to expect:
Sarmale:
One of Romania’s most iconic dishes, sarmale consists of cabbage rolls stuffed with a mixture of minced meat (usually pork or beef), rice, and spices, then slow-cooked in a tomato-based sauce. It’s often served with a dollop of sour cream and polenta on the side.
Mici:
These grilled minced meat rolls are a popular street food in Romania. Made from a mix of beef, lamb, and pork, mici are seasoned with garlic and spices, grilled to perfection, and served with mustard and fresh bread.
Ciorbă de Burtă:
A beloved Romanian soup made from tripe, this dish is flavoured with garlic, vinegar, and sour cream, creating a tangy and creamy flavour profile. It’s a comforting favourite, especially in colder months.
Mămăligă: A staple of Romanian cuisine, this dish is made from boiled cornmeal and often served as a side to meat or stews. Topped with sour cream, cheese, or a fried egg, it’s a versatile and filling dish.
Papanasi: Romania’s most famous dessert, papanasi are fried or boiled doughnuts made from sweet cheese, topped with sour cream and fruit jam. They’re a must-try for anyone with a sweet tooth.
Zacuscă: A savoury vegetable spread made from roasted eggplant, peppers, onions, and tomatoes, zacuscă is perfect when paired with fresh bread and cheese.
Alcohol in Romania
Romania has a rich tradition of alcoholic beverages, from locally crafted wines to unique spirits. Here’s what you can expect:
Where to Buy:
Alcohol is widely available in Romania, from supermarkets and liquor stores to bars and restaurants. Most tourist areas and larger cities offer a range of options, including local and international brands.
Local Specialties:
Try țuică, a traditional Romanian plum brandy that’s often homemade and served as an aperitif. Other popular choices include pălincă (a stronger fruit brandy) and Romanian wines, which are gaining international recognition. Look for wines from regions like Dealu Mare, Cotnari, or Transylvania. Beer lovers will enjoy local brews such as Ursus, Timișoreana, and Ciuc.
Cultural Sensitivity:
While alcohol is widely consumed in Romania, it’s always best to drink responsibly and respect local customs, particularly in rural areas where traditions may be more conservative.
Romania’s cuisine and drinks are an essential part of its culture, offering a delicious way to connect with the country’s history and people. From hearty meals to unique beverages, every taste of Romania tells a story.
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